Recommended Study Sequence

Students studying at Campbelltown campus should refer to 300554 - Principles of Chemistry. This unit provides a broad introduction to the fundamental principles common to all branches of chemistry. The unit is intended to serve the needs not only of chemistry majors, but also those intending to specialise in other related disciplines. The unit focuses on scientific notation, nomenclature, chemical equations, stoichiometry, the mole concept, atomic structure, periodicity, electronic configuration, structure and bonding, states of matter, intermolecular forces, properties of solutions, chemical thermodynamics, chemical equilibria, and electrochemistry.

Students studying at Campbelltown campus should refer to 300543 - Cell Biology. The cell is the basic unit of life and some basic processes, such as membrane function and the reactions involving DNA, occur in cells of all living organisms. This unit introduces the important biological chemicals involved in those processes and the study of the processes themselves. The unit also examines phenomena such as cell replication, sex cell formation, inheritance, and cell metabolism that are shared by all eukaryotes (animals, protistans, fungi and plants). The biochemical capture of the sun's energy (photosynthesis) is also studied. The evolutionary links between these cellular processes form a framework for the unit, and students consider the origin of life and their own evolution. In addition, students are introduced to the immense potential of recombinant DNA technology.

Students studying at Campbelltown campus should refer to 300550 Medicinal Chemistry. This unit is designed to continue the development of students' understanding of the basic principles of chemistry, with an emphasis on the chemistry of carbon compounds. The unit focuses on introductory chemical dynamics, together with an in-depth treatment of the structure, nomenclature and reactivity of the principal organic functional groups. The unit provides a necessary foundation for subsequent related studies in chemistry, biochemistry, food chemistry, nutrition science, toxicology, environmental science, and related biological sciences and technologies.

Students studying at Campbelltown campus should refer to 300539 - Biodiversity. This unit examines the diversity of living organisms, how these organisms are classified, and how evolutionary processes resulted in such diversity. The unit also addresses the role of cells, tissues and organs in the structure and function of living whole organisms, how these organisms acquire and assimilate the resources necessary for growth, and how they excrete waste, maintain function and coordinate growth and reproduction. The role of ecosystems in maintaining life is also studied. Students conduct basic investigations using techniques such as microscopy, sectioning, staining and dissection.

Microorganisms are important in all aspects of our lives. In this unit students will explore the diversity of microorganisms and their significance in the environment, in foods and industry as well as in health and disease. Students will be introduced to the structure, reproduction, classification, cultivation and enumeration of bacteria, viruses and fungi. The conditions required for growth and survival of microorganisms will be studied as well as physical and chemical methods of control. Students will conduct laboratory exercises designed to develop their skills in culturing and observing microorganisms.

This unit develops understanding of the structure, function and synthesis of proteins, principles of enzyme function and regulation, and the structures and roles of nucleic acids, chromosomes and genes. Topics include the characteristic features of the four levels of protein structure and their significance for protein function; protein denaturation; enzyme function, kinetics and inhibition, allosteric enzymes, and mechanisms of enzyme regulation; structure of DNA, RNA, chromosomes, genes; the molecular events in transcription and translation in bacteria and eukaryotes, and protein modification and targeting. Complex carbohydrate biochemistry and protein glycosylation is also included.

This unit discusses the origins of genetic variation in prokaryotes and explores the structure and metabolic diversity of microorganisms from a variety of habitats including extreme environments. Studies of the biochemistry of prokaryotes focus on metabolic strategies for energy generation and growth in various natural environments. Students are introduced to the applications of microbial metabolism in food, wine and other industries. The principles of classification and identification of bacteria and yeasts are developed. This includes an introduction to molecular systematics and its impact on the classification of living organisms and in areas such as molecular diagnostics and epidemiology. The unit also addresses the principles and applications of recombinant DNA techniques in biotechnology and in the study of microbial physiology and genetics. Laboratory classes introduce students to techniques used to study microbial identification, physiology and genetics.

Students studying at Campbelltown campus should refer to 300548 - Human Metabolism and Disease. This unit develops understanding of the metabolic processes by which an organism degrades food molecules to generate energy and converts excess food molecules into internal fuel stores. Topics include: bioenergetics; structures of key molecules; glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis and breakdown; fatty acid oxidation and synthesis; amino acid catabolism; urea synthesis; citric acid cycle; electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. Emphasis is on regulation and integration of the pathways, including their responses to hormonal regulation. The effects of altered dietary and hormonal status on metabolic pathways and their consequences for the organism will be discussed.

This unit introduces students to various statistical techniques necessary in scientific endeavours. Presentation of the content will emphasize the correct principles and procedures for collecting and analysing scientific data, using a ‘hands-on’ approach. Topics include effective methods of gathering data, statistical principles of designing experiments, error analysis, describing different sets of data, probability distributions, statistical inference, non-parametric methods, and simple linear regression and correlation.

This Level 1 unit introduces the basic concepts and techniques of statistics that are particularly relevant to problem solving in business. It also provides a sound base for more advanced study in statistics and forecasting in subsequent sessions. Topics include: presentation of data; descriptive statistics; the role of uncertainty in business decision making; hypothesis testing; and basic forecasting.

Students studying at Campbelltown campus should refer to 300554 - Principles of Chemistry. This unit provides a broad introduction to the fundamental principles common to all branches of chemistry. The unit is intended to serve the needs not only of chemistry majors, but also those intending to specialise in other related disciplines. The unit focuses on scientific notation, nomenclature, chemical equations, stoichiometry, the mole concept, atomic structure, periodicity, electronic configuration, structure and bonding, states of matter, intermolecular forces, properties of solutions, chemical thermodynamics, chemical equilibria, and electrochemistry.

This unit is designed to assist in the transition from secondary school mathematics to university first year level mathematics, and gradually bring students to the required standard. It provides a sound foundation in basic mathematical tools in the areas of algebra, probability and calculus, which are particularly relevant to first year mathematics and statistics core subjects. The algebra section revises basic arithmetic manipulation before introducing series, functions, logarithmic and exponential functions, solving equations, matrix manipulation and applications. The probability section covers basic concepts of probability, including permutations, combinations and probability calculations. The calculus section includes limits, differentiation, maximum and minimum values, graphing and integration. These mathematical methods and simple concepts are illustrated using practical examples derived from many different subject areas. Students entering without assumed knowledge of 2 Unit Mathematics are recommended to take this unit as an elective.

This level one hundred unit provides a solid foundation in the theory and applications of differential calculus, as well as some introductory work on complex numbers. It is the first of two units developing aspects of calculus.

Students studying at Campbelltown campus should refer to 300550 Medicinal Chemistry. This unit is designed to continue the development of students' understanding of the basic principles of chemistry, with an emphasis on the chemistry of carbon compounds. The unit focuses on introductory chemical dynamics, together with an in-depth treatment of the structure, nomenclature and reactivity of the principal organic functional groups. The unit provides a necessary foundation for subsequent related studies in chemistry, biochemistry, food chemistry, nutrition science, toxicology, environmental science, and related biological sciences and technologies.

This level one hundred unit provides a solid foundation in the theory and applications of differential calculus, as well as some introductory work on complex numbers. It is the first of two units developing aspects of calculus.

This unit provides an introduction to physics for science and medical science students as well as providing a basis for further study of more advanced physics for students pursuing courses in nanotechnology, chemical, physical and mathematical sciences. It provides a foundation to understand the physical principles which underlay scientific instrumentation and analysis Topics covered include systems of units; Introductory mechanics, Newton’s laws, work, conservation of energy and momentum; Electricity, electrostatics, DC and AC circuits and components, introductory electromagnetism; Waves and optics, electromagnetic radiation, reflection, refraction, image formation, polarisation, interference and diffraction.

This unit will aim to develop within the student an understanding of, and an appreciation for, the fundamentals of analytical chemistry. The student will be exposed to the theory and practice of a range of chemical analyses with emphasis on ‘wet’ or ‘classical’ methods, and an introduction to some instrumental methods. An important component of this unit is to develop within the student laboratory skills in chemical analysis. Topics covered in this unit include: the evaluation of analytical data; sampling and sample preparation; unit operations in analytical chemistry; stoichiometry and equilibrium; gravimetric analysis; volumetric analysis; separation methods; spectroscopic methods of analysis; electrochemical methods of analysis; analysis of real samples.

Students studying at Campbelltown campus should refer to 300553 - Molecules of Life: Synthesis and Reactivity. This unit introduces how and why organic chemical reactions happen. The chemistry of the major chemical groups is discussed in terms of general reaction mechanisms. These ideas are drawn together in the examination of rationales involved in synthesising and identifying multifunctional organic molecules, and appropriate practical skills to achieve this are learnt in the associated practical work. Applications considered may include biological and medicinal organic chemistry and various aspects of industrial organic chemistry.

Students studying at Campbelltown campus should refer to 300545 - Coordination Chemistry. This unit develops students' knowledge and comprehension of fundamental inorganic chemistry. A detailed introduction to co-ordination chemistry, discussing ligands, geometry, isomerism and oxidation states is provided, with particular emphasis on elements in the first transition series. Bonding in inorganic chemistry, solution chemistry, solid state chemistry, descriptive chemistry of representative main-group elements, and trends in the periodic table are also covered. Bioinorganic chemistry and some environmental aspects of inorganic chemistry are introduced. This unit also introduces students to many of the laboratory techniques and equipment that are used in this discipline.

Students studying at Campbelltown campus should refer to 300540 - Biomolecular Dynamics. This unit deals with some important principles, topics and techniques in physical chemistry, including the principles of energy flow and transformation in chemical systems (chemical thermodynamics), the rates and extent of chemical reactions (chemical equilibrium and kinetics), and applications of these principles to electrochemistry and a range of industrial and biological processes. The unit extends and expands on some of the topics studied previously in Chemistry 1 and 2, and aims to support and complement other units in chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology, physics and the biological sciences. It strengthens students' ability to study quantitative chemical problems, and further develop useful experimental and data-analysis skills.

Students studying at Hawkesbury or Parramatta campus should refer to 300538 - Advanced Chemical Analysis. This unit equips the student with: an understanding of the principles of instrumental analysis; enhanced knowledge of contemporary analytical chemistry; wider experience of modern analytical instrumentation and its applications; improved skills in laboratory analysis using a range of instrumental techniques. Techniques covered include: separation methods, atomic spectroscopy, electrochemical methods, X-ray methods, principles of spectroscopic methods, electron microscopy and mass spectroscopy, gas and liquid chromatography, automated methods of analysis, analytical method development, quality control and quality assurance, pesticide residue analysis, toxicological (forensic) analysis.

Students studying at Campbelltown campus should refer to 300546 - Drug Design and Synthesis. This unit introduces selected areas of more advanced organic chemistry, focusing on the tools used to synthesise and identify organic molecules. The practical skills required are learnt through laboratory exercises that complement the theory.

Students studying at Campbelltown campus should refer to 300538 - Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. This unit is built on the foundations laid in the unit 300230 - Inorganic Chemistry 2/300545 - Coordination Chemistry. Initially, this unit focuses on the nature of structure and bonding in inorganic chemistry. The spectroscopic and magnetic properties of inorganic compounds are evaluated as a consequence of the concepts of structure and bonding. Kinetics and mechanism of inorganic reactions are examined, and the important area of organo-transition metal chemistry is introduced. Laboratory sessions emphasise experimental design and planning by students, while introducing important techniques such as anaerobic synthesis. Students become familiar with inorganic chemistry literature and begin to appreciate recent work in this field. The laboratory component focuses on a variety of advanced techniques such as anaerobic syntheses and instrumental techniques of characterisation such as NMR, IR and electronic spectra. As well as requiring core studies, this unit recognises the diversity of inorganic chemistry by allowing students to specialise in certain advanced topics. Students select two out of five advanced topics: characterisation of inorganic compounds; selected descriptive inorganic chemistry; bioinorganic chemistry; aqueous chemistry of cations and metallic oxyanions; inorganic materials chemistry.

This unit introduces selected areas of more advanced physical chemistry, which build on and extend the knowledge and understanding gained in Physical Chemistry 2. The practical skills required are learnt through laboratory exercises, which complement the theory.

300645 Science Research Project 2 is a final-year capstone unit that gives students an introduction to scientific research, while extending their knowledge and practical skills in a particular area of interest. Each student undertakes a small research project under the supervision of an academic staff member. Collaboration with an external organisation may occur in some projects. With the assistance of their supervisor, students will define the problem to be studied, carry out a risk assessment, develop the appropriate experimental methods, carry out research on their project, and present a final written report and a poster or oral presentation. This unit offers a challenge to final-year students, and allows innovation by the student with respect to both method and research direction. Students who wish to complete a 10 credit-point project will normally enrol in this unit. Subject to permission from the Unit Co-ordinator, students may undertake a 20 credit-point project by enrolling in both 300615 Research Project 1 and 300645 Research Project 2. These units may be taken in the same semester, or in consecutive semesters. Students studying at Campbelltown campus should refer to 300542 Biomolecular Science Project.

This level one hundred unit provides a solid foundation in the theory and applications of differential calculus, as well as some introductory work on complex numbers. It is the first of two units developing aspects of calculus.

This level one hundred unit provides a solid foundation in the theory and applications of integral calculus, as well as some introductory work on linear algebra and infinite sequences and series. It is the second of two units developing aspects of calculus.

This Level 1 unit introduces set theory, symbolic logic, graph theory and some counting problems. It serves as a grounding for further study in mathematics or computing.

This Level 1 unit introduces students to various statistical techniques supporting the study of computing and science. Presentation of the content will emphasize the correct principles and procedures for collecting and analysing scientific data, using information and communication technologies. Topics include describing different sets of data, probability distributions, statistical inference, and simple linear regression and correlation.

This unit introduces students to various statistical techniques necessary in scientific endeavours. Presentation of the content will emphasize the correct principles and procedures for collecting and analysing scientific data, using a ‘hands-on’ approach. Topics include effective methods of gathering data, statistical principles of designing experiments, error analysis, describing different sets of data, probability distributions, statistical inference, non-parametric methods, and simple linear regression and correlation.

As a first unit in computer programming, Programming Fundamentals covers basic computer architecture, basic data and file structures, concept of algorithms, programming constructs, programming language features and functions, program design, test design, basic documentation. A high level programming language is employed to solve problems in a structured manner.

This unit is designed for students undertaking studies in mathematics, statistics, operations research and mathematical finance. It provides further mathematical training in the areas of multivariable and vector calculus, which is essential to the understanding of many areas of both pure and applied mathematics.

Objective of this unit is to present the main fundamentals of linear algebra and includes such topics as solving systems of linear equations, matrix algebra, determinants, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Euclidean vector spaces, general vector spaces, inner product spaces and linear transformations.

This unit introduces the ideas of systems and their mathematical modeling, with special reference to allocation, inventory, scheduling, queuing and other processes taking place within social systems. It introduces modeling and heuristic problem-solving techniques, and goes on to introduce the standard techniques of linear programming, network analysis, critical path analysis, inventory control and simulation. Throughout, an emphasis is placed on the mathematical development of algorithms and their computerisation.

This Level 2 unit completes an introduction to the basic principles and concepts of statistics. There are two strands to the subject: distribution theory and statistical inference. The aim of the unit is to present a solid foundation in statistical theory and to provide an understanding of the relevance and importance of the theory in solving practical problems in the real world. The theoretical basis of the dual arms of classical statistical inference (estimation and hypothesis testing) is discussed relating the probabilistic half of the course to the final objective - inference.

The unit builds on the basic statistical concepts introduced in first year and also prepares students for broader application of statistics for students majoring in both science and business. In broad terms, the unit consists of some common Probability Distributions, Revision of Hypothesis Testing; Analysis of Categorical Data; Analysis of Variance Simple and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis and Correlation; Some Nonparametric Methods, Fundamentals of Time Series Analysis

Differential equations arise naturally, both in abstract mathematics and in the study of many phenomena. This unit provides the theory of ordinary differential equations and an introduction to partial differential equations, together with methods of solution. Examples are drawn from a wide range of biological, chemical, physical and economic applications.

This Level 2 unit completes an introduction to the basic principles and concepts of statistics. There are two strands to the subject: distribution theory and statistical inference. The aim of the unit is to present a solid foundation in statistical theory and to provide an understanding of the relevance and importance of the theory in solving practical problems in the real world. The theoretical basis of the dual arms of classical statistical inference (estimation and hypothesis testing) is discussed relating the probabilistic half of the course to the final objective - inference.

This unit introduces the ideas of systems and their mathematical modeling, with special reference to allocation, inventory, scheduling, queuing and other processes taking place within social systems. It introduces modeling and heuristic problem-solving techniques, and goes on to introduce the standard techniques of linear programming, network analysis, critical path analysis, inventory control and simulation. Throughout, an emphasis is placed on the mathematical development of algorithms and their computerisation.

This unit covers a substantial range of computational techniques in formulating and solving mathematical, scientific and engineering problems. Topics include: algorithmic approaches to solving nonlinear equations; systems of linear equations; differential equations; polynomial interpolation; numerical differentiation and integration; and curve fitting to approximate functions.

In this unit, students can deepen and/or apply knowledge gained during their course and practise oral and written presentation skills. Students will carry out a project under the supervision of an academic staff member. Assisted by their supervisor, students will define the problem to be studied and then acquire, develop and/or apply the appropriate theory or methodology. They will prepare a final report presenting theoretical results or methodology, an analysis and a discussion followed by an appropriate conclusion, and a literature review or a list of references as appropriate. Students will also give a talk on their project.

The unit builds on the basic statistical concepts introduced in first year and also prepares students for broader application of statistics for students majoring in both science and business. In broad terms, the unit consists of some common Probability Distributions, Revision of Hypothesis Testing; Analysis of Categorical Data; Analysis of Variance Simple and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis and Correlation; Some Nonparametric Methods, Fundamentals of Time Series Analysis

Differential equations arise naturally, both in abstract mathematics and in the study of many phenomena. This unit provides the theory of ordinary differential equations and an introduction to partial differential equations, together with methods of solution. Examples are drawn from a wide range of biological, chemical, physical and economic applications.

This Level 2 unit completes an introduction to the basic principles and concepts of statistics. There are two strands to the subject: distribution theory and statistical inference. The aim of the unit is to present a solid foundation in statistical theory and to provide an understanding of the relevance and importance of the theory in solving practical problems in the real world. The theoretical basis of the dual arms of classical statistical inference (estimation and hypothesis testing) is discussed relating the probabilistic half of the course to the final objective - inference.

This unit introduces the ideas of systems and their mathematical modeling, with special reference to allocation, inventory, scheduling, queuing and other processes taking place within social systems. It introduces modeling and heuristic problem-solving techniques, and goes on to introduce the standard techniques of linear programming, network analysis, critical path analysis, inventory control and simulation. Throughout, an emphasis is placed on the mathematical development of algorithms and their computerisation.

This unit covers a substantial range of computational techniques in formulating and solving mathematical, scientific and engineering problems. Topics include: algorithmic approaches to solving nonlinear equations; systems of linear equations; differential equations; polynomial interpolation; numerical differentiation and integration; and curve fitting to approximate functions.

This unit develops algebraic thought to a high level. The abstract concepts involved in the main topics (group theory and number theory) have many applications in science and technology, and the unit includes an application to cryptography.

This unit provides the theoretical basis of real and complex numbers, including differentiation and integration. Topics include: field axioms and completeness, sequences, series, convergence, compactness, continuity, differentiability, integrability, and related theorems in both the real and complex number systems.

This unit introduces a systematic approach to gaining insight into large data sets through appropriate data extraction processing and representation, using mathematical, statistical and visualisation techniques. It demonstrates how visualisation tools and techniques, created through interdisciplinary work, are used to generate visuals from large and complex data sets to help interpretation. The data mining techniques section illustrates how to extract information and data in order to understand a given problem with a given set of requirements.

The first section of the unit covers the idea of hedging and pricing by arbitrage in the discrete-time setting of binary trees. The key probabilistic concepts of conditional expectation, martingales, change of measure and representation are introduced in a simple framework. The second (and main) part of the unit concentrates on classical Black-Scholes analysis, assuming a lognormal random walk for asset prices. Ito's lemma and simple arbitrage arguments are used to derive the Black-Scholes partial differential equation for the fair value of an option. A variety of different kinds of options are considered and it is shown how, by suitably selecting boundary and final conditions for the Black-Scholes equation, virtually all derivative securities may be valued in a Black-Scholes framework. The unit concludes with a variety of 'exotic options': digital, pay-later, gap options and American options and the free boundary value problems. The link between the existence of equivalent martingale measures and the ability to price and hedge is formalised.

This unit concentrates on the solution of some mathematical problems that are suitable for interpretation in a deterministic manner. Selected real-world problems are approximated by mathematical models that are amenable to being written in terms of linear and non-linear equations and ordinary differential equations. In some instances analytic solutions are obtained, while in others computer programs provide numerical results. In either situation, there is emphasis on interpreting models, modifying them as required and using them for prediction.

This unit presents the fundamental mathematical aspects of operations research and develops skills in quantitative approaches in decision making. Students will learn how the optimisation techniques work and how they can be applied by the decision maker in order to generate efficient solutions. The unit focuses on problem formulation and solution methods and covers linear programming primarily and integer programming and dynamic programming briefly.

This Level 3 unit investigates models for making optimal decisions under conditions of uncertainty and presents a number of relevant quantitative techniques. Topics covered include probabilistic and non probabilistic decision making criteria, decision trees, sensitivity analysis, using utility for decision making and risk analysis, inventory management, queuing analysis, and introduction to simulation.

This is an introduction to stochastic processes for students familiar with elementary probability. This unit presents the theory and application of time-dependent processes. In addition the unit applies some methods of probability and stochastic processes to real-world problems. Topics include: Markov chains, Poisson processes, continuous-time Markov chains, branching processes, birth and death processes, queuing systems, and stationary processes.

This unit covers linear regression analysis and experimental design, with analysis of variance being the primary analytical tool. Topics in linear regression are: the statistical model, the method of least squares, sampling distributions of least squares estimators, statistical inferences and testing hypotheses, methods for model building, detecting violations of the regression assumption and remedies, logistic regression, and Poisson regression. Topics in designed experiments are: completely randomised experiment, factorial experiment, randomised block, Latin square, random model, and mixed model. For each design the following aspects are covered: the statistical model, the normal equations and their solutions, sums of squares and basic algebraic identity, the ANOVA table and relevant tests, and treatment comparisons.

This unit covers a general introduction to simulation modelling, with a special focus on systems that change only at discrete points in time. It begins with Monte-Carlo methods for evaluating integrals, and moves into the simulation of simple queuing and inventory systems with the use of Pascal. It then introduces special simulation languages, with special reference to SEESIM. The purpose is to be able to set up and solve simple practical problems. In doing so we emphasise the need to analyse outputs statistically, and to offer advice on the basis of the analysis. Although requiring computer programming, the emphasis of the unit is mathematical and statistical. It deals with an introduction to random number generation by computers; it also deals with the computer generation of independent random variables with a common probability distribution.

In the first half of this unit students gain an appreciation of survey methodology, including questionnaire design, as well the application of sampling techniques. These include simple random sampling, stratification, supplementary information and cluster sampling. The second half of the unit covers the principal methods of multivariate data analysis, principal components, factor analysis, discriminant analysis, and cluster analysis.

This Level 3 unit presents the basic techniques of time series analysis with emphasis on model identification, parameter estimation and diagnostic checking. The use of time series models for the process of forecasting future behaviour is discussed. In addition, alternative forecasting approaches, in particular econometic methods, are introduced and some guidelines for choosing an appropriate forecasting method are outlined.

Students studying at Campbelltown campus should refer to 300543 - Cell Biology. The cell is the basic unit of life and some basic processes, such as membrane function and the reactions involving DNA, occur in cells of all living organisms. This unit introduces the important biological chemicals involved in those processes and the study of the processes themselves. The unit also examines phenomena such as cell replication, sex cell formation, inheritance, and cell metabolism that are shared by all eukaryotes (animals, protistans, fungi and plants). The biochemical capture of the sun's energy (photosynthesis) is also studied. The evolutionary links between these cellular processes form a framework for the unit, and students consider the origin of life and their own evolution. In addition, students are introduced to the immense potential of recombinant DNA technology.

Students studying at Hawkesbury or Parramatta campus should refer to 300221 - Biology 1. Cells are the foundations of life, and an understanding of cell structure and function is required for anyone working in the medical science field. Most diseases result from or lead to malfunctioning of some aspect of cellular processes such as transport across membranes or cell replication. Underlying normal cell function, however, are the molecules of which cells are composed. Consequently, the unit will introduce lipids, carbohydrates, amino and nucleic acids, then study the processes by which these molecules are manipulated to build and recycle organelles, store and transport energy and transmit genetic information in both the prokaryote and eukaryote domains. Accordingly, the unit will include cell replication, sex cell formation, Mendelian genetics as well as cellular respiration and DNA replication, transcription and translation. The role of DNA technology in biomolecular science will be an important component of the unit and will unify the several topics listed above.

Students studying at Hawkesbury or Parramatta campus should refer to 300222 - Biology 2. This unit demonstrates the diversity of living organisms and viruses, with particular emphasis on those that affect human health. Students will discover how these organisms are classified, and how they have evolved. Besides exploring the breadth of biodiversity, the unit also examines the links between organisms. Evolutionary advances made by different taxonomic groups to develop mechanisms for reproduction and growth, respiration, maintaining water balance, excretion, digestion, and coordination will be compared. Ultimately human health depends on a sustainable environment and the study of ecosystems will link the biodiversity components of the unit.

Students studying at Campbelltown campus should refer to 300539 - Biodiversity. This unit examines the diversity of living organisms, how these organisms are classified, and how evolutionary processes resulted in such diversity. The unit also addresses the role of cells, tissues and organs in the structure and function of living whole organisms, how these organisms acquire and assimilate the resources necessary for growth, and how they excrete waste, maintain function and coordinate growth and reproduction. The role of ecosystems in maintaining life is also studied. Students conduct basic investigations using techniques such as microscopy, sectioning, staining and dissection.

This unit provides a broad introduction to the fundamental principles common to all branches of chemistry. The unit is intended to serve the needs not only of chemistry majors, but also those intending to specialise in other related disciplines. The unit focuses on scientific notation, nomenclature, chemical equations, stoichiometry, the mole concept, atomic structure, periodicity, electronic configuration, structure and bonding, states of matter, intermolecular forces, properties of solutions, chemical thermodynamics, chemical equilibria, and electrochemistry.

Students studying at Hawkesbury or Parramatta campus should refer to 300224 - Chemistry 1. This unit provides an introduction to the principles fundamental to all branches of chemistry. It focuses on atomic structure, periodicity, electronic configuration, structure and bonding, chemical equations, stoichiometry, the mole concept, gas laws, states of matter, intermolecular forces and properties of solutions, chemical thermodynamics, chemical equilibria, electrochemistry, scientific notation, and nomenclature. The unit will emphasise their application to biomedical science, but it is intended to provide a broad, rigorous foundation for studies in all areas of chemistry.

The aims of this unit are to relate chemical principles to everyday life. Laboratory skills will be introduced in a systematic way that helps students apply the concepts they will be learning concurrently within the unit. The usefulness of chemistry will be emphasised by giving examples relevant to the students' areas of professional interest (eg food technology, environmental sciences, biology or horticulture), while ensuring that the following fundamental topics are covered: matter, energy, chemical bonds, states of matter, chemical reactions and rates, equilibrium, introduction to organic compounds and nuclear chemistry.

Students studying at Hawkesbury or Parramatta campus should refer to 300225 - Chemistry 2. This unit uses medicinal chemistry to continue the development of students' understanding of the basic foundations of chemistry begun in Principles of Chemistry. The unit focuses on introductory chemical and pharmacological kinetics, introduces coordination compounds such as haemoglobin, and goes on to an in-depth treatment of the structure, reactivity and nomenclature of the principal organic functional groups. These are discussed in the context of their role in life, medicine and disease. The unit provides a necessary foundation for subsequent studies in chemistry, biochemistry, and related areas.

This unit is designed to continue the development of students' understanding of the basic principles of chemistry, with an emphasis on the chemistry of carbon compounds. The unit focuses on introductory chemical dynamics, together with an in-depth treatment of the structure, nomenclature and reactivity of the principal organic functional groups. The unit provides a necessary foundation for subsequent related studies in chemistry, biochemistry, food chemistry, nutrition science, toxicology, environmental science, and related biological sciences and technologies.

This introductory unit gives students an insight into the history, structure, operations and uses of computers, and their impact on society. This will be complemented by hands-on use of computers and popular application software packages in a graphical user interface environment. Students gain a basic understanding of the uses of computers, and the skills necessary to use popular applications software, including word processing, spreadsheet and database packages, and Internet tools and services.

As a first unit in computer programming, Programming Fundamentals covers basic computer architecture, basic data and file structures, concept of algorithms, programming constructs, programming language features and functions, program design, test design, basic documentation. A high level programming language is employed to solve problems in a structured manner.

This unit covers rocks and minerals as chemical systems; acquisition, presentation and use (modelling) of geochemical data; chemical evolution of Earth's atmosphere and oceans; monitoring Earth's major and minor climatic events; land degradation; remote sensing and aerial photographic interpretation; chemical aspects of ore genesis; minerals and phase equilibria; transport and cycling of the elements.

This unit covers the nature of the earth's surface and physical processes operating on it; properties and behaviour of the crust of the earth; mineral products, especially energy, metals and water; maps and geologic structures; and minerals, rocks, fossils. Two one-day field excursions are undertaken.

This unit is designed to assist in the transition from secondary school mathematics to university first year level mathematics, and gradually bring students to the required standard. It provides a sound foundation in basic mathematical tools in the areas of algebra, trigonometry, probability and calculus, which are particularly relevant to first year mathematics and statistics core subjects. The algebra section revises basic arithmetic manipulation before introducing functions, polynomial, logarithmic and exponential functions, solving equations, matrix manipulation and applications. The probability section covers basic concepts of probability, including permutations, combinations and probability calculations. The trigonometry section introduces the concept of angles, trigonometric functions and their fundamental identities. The calculus section includes limits, differentiation, maximum and minimum values, graphing and integration. These mathematical methods and simple concepts are illustrated using practical examples derived from many different subject areas. Students entering without assumed knowledge of HSC Mathematics are advised to take this unit as an elective.

This Level 1 unit introduces set theory, symbolic logic, graph theory and some counting problems. It serves as a grounding for further study in mathematics or computing.

This level one hundred unit provides a solid foundation in the theory and applications of differential calculus, as well as some introductory work on complex numbers. It is the first of two units developing aspects of calculus.

This level one hundred unit provides a solid foundation in the theory and applications of integral calculus, as well as some introductory work on linear algebra and infinite sequences and series. It is the second of two units developing aspects of calculus.

This unit introduces students to various statistical techniques necessary in scientific endeavours. Presentation of the content will emphasize the correct principles and procedures for collecting and analysing scientific data, using a ‘hands-on’ approach. Topics include effective methods of gathering data, statistical principles of designing experiments, error analysis, describing different sets of data, probability distributions, statistical inference, non-parametric methods, and simple linear regression and correlation.

This Level 1 unit introduces students to various statistical techniques supporting the study of computing and science. Presentation of the content will emphasize the correct principles and procedures for collecting and analysing scientific data, using information and communication technologies. Topics include describing different sets of data, probability distributions, statistical inference, and simple linear regression and correlation.

This Level 1 unit introduces the basic concepts and techniques of statistics that are particularly relevant to problem solving in business. It also provides a sound base for more advanced study in statistics and forecasting in subsequent sessions. Topics include: presentation of data; descriptive statistics; the role of uncertainty in business decision making; hypothesis testing; and basic forecasting.

This unit provides an introduction to physics for science and medical science students as well as providing a basis for further study of more advanced physics for students pursuing courses in nanotechnology, chemical, physical and mathematical sciences. It provides a foundation to understand the physical principles which underlay scientific instrumentation and analysis Topics covered include systems of units; Introductory mechanics, Newton’s laws, work, conservation of energy and momentum; Electricity, electrostatics, DC and AC circuits and components, introductory electromagnetism; Waves and optics, electromagnetic radiation, reflection, refraction, image formation, polarisation, interference and diffraction.

This unit develops a deeper understanding of physics for students pursuing courses in nanotechnology, chemical, physical and mathematical sciences. Topics covered include Mechanics: Equilibrium, stress and strain, harmonic oscillators, rotational motion, moment of inertia. Gravitation, types of force in nature. Thermal Physics: temperature, specific & latent heat, heat transfer, kinetic theory of gases, first law of thermodynamics, isothermal, isobaric & adiabatic processes. Introduction to Modern Physics: special relativity, time dilation, length contraction, momentum, mass, rest energy, velocity addition. Basic quantum theory, Planck's hypothesis, wave nature of matter, quantum mechanical view of atoms. Nuclear physics, radiation, half-life, nuclear reactions.

This unit is designed to provide students with academic and generic skills required for successful completion of their science-related undergraduate studies and for professional practice. Activities allow students to learn, develop and utilise various academic and interpersonal skills within the wider context of applied scientific principles in society. Activities encourage development of self-confidence, creative thinking, problem solving, group process, communication and peer support. Academic skills include aspects of scientific reading and writing, assignment preparation, gathering scientific information, research and library skills, oral presentation, group work, taking tests and exams, effective personal and class-based learning strategies, peer assessment and online learning.

Integrated Science is a revolutionary new introductory science unit which breaks the barriers and creates connections between the traditional Science disciplines. The content is based on hot topics in Science, which are important for our future and life on earth. Such problems often span the discipline areas and include physics, chemistry, biology and maths. The modularised structure of the content allows students to complete authentic problem-based learning modules, in an on-line environment. Problem solving and communication are assessed and stressed over rote learning and regurgitation of facts. Close contact between students, peers and academics is a major feature of this unit.

This unit discusses the origins of genetic variation in prokaryotes and explores the structure and metabolic diversity of microorganisms from a variety of habitats including extreme environments. Studies of the biochemistry of prokaryotes focus on metabolic strategies for energy generation and growth in various natural environments. Students are introduced to the applications of microbial metabolism in food, wine and other industries. The principles of classification and identification of bacteria and yeasts are developed. This includes an introduction to molecular systematics and its impact on the classification of living organisms and in areas such as molecular diagnostics and epidemiology. The unit also addresses the principles and applications of recombinant DNA techniques in biotechnology and in the study of microbial physiology and genetics. Laboratory classes introduce students to techniques used to study microbial identification, physiology and genetics.

This unit develops understanding of the structure, function and synthesis of proteins, principles of enzyme function and regulation, and the structures and roles of nucleic acids, chromosomes and genes. Topics include the characteristic features of the four levels of protein structure and their significance for protein function; protein denaturation; enzyme function, kinetics and inhibition, allosteric enzymes, and mechanisms of enzyme regulation; structure of DNA, RNA, chromosomes, genes; the molecular events in transcription and translation in bacteria and eukaryotes, and protein modification and targeting. Complex carbohydrate biochemistry and protein glycosylation is also included.

Students studying at Hawkesbury or Parramatta campus should refer to 300219 - Biochemistry 1. This unit investigates protein structure, function, synthesis and degradation in both health and disease. Students will analyse how proteins fold and how this relates to function, illustrated by proteins such as oxygen carriers, enzymes, and gene regulators. The importance of bioinformatics for analysing protein structure, function and evolution will be emphasised. Discussion of enzyme structure and catalytic mechanisms will provide a deeper understanding of how catalytic proteins work. DNA, gene structure and gene expression (transcription and translation) will be investigated in some detail at the molecular level, including the impact of mutation on protein function. The relevance of post-translational modification, protein targeting and protein degradation for healthy cell function will also be discussed.

Students studying at Campbelltown campus should refer to 300548 - Human Metabolism and Disease. This unit develops understanding of the metabolic processes by which an organism degrades food molecules to generate energy and converts excess food molecules into internal fuel stores. Topics include: bioenergetics; structures of key molecules; glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis and breakdown; fatty acid oxidation and synthesis; amino acid catabolism; urea synthesis; citric acid cycle; electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. Emphasis is on regulation and integration of the pathways, including their responses to hormonal regulation. The effects of altered dietary and hormonal status on metabolic pathways and their consequences for the organism will be discussed.

Students studying at Hawkesbury or Parramatta campus should refer to 300220 - Biochemistry 2. Understanding human metabolism at a molecular level underpins our understanding of human health and metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. Kinetics and regulation of enzymes will be studied as a preliminary to learning how metabolic pathways work. The central pathways of energy metabolism, their control and inter-relationships will be analysed in detail, including carbohydrate and fat metabolism; ATP synthesis involving electron transport and ATP synthase; and nitrogen metabolism, including aspects of amino acid degradation and urea synthesis. Emphasis will be placed on enzyme and hormonal regulations, the roles of different tissues in metabolic homeostasis; and the consequences for human health when enzymes or their regulations are defective.

Microorganisms are important in all aspects of our lives. In this unit students will explore the diversity of microorganisms and their significance in the environment, in foods and industry as well as in health and disease. Students will be introduced to the structure, reproduction, classification, cultivation and enumeration of bacteria, viruses and fungi. The conditions required for growth and survival of microorganisms will be studied as well as physical and chemical methods of control. Students will conduct laboratory exercises designed to develop their skills in culturing and observing microorganisms.

This is a unit in general microbiology designed for students in Applied Science and Natural Science degrees. It builds on students’ existing knowledge of cell biology and biodiversity, and provides an overview of the nature of micro-organisms and their significance. The unit emphasises the role of micro-organisms in environments such as water, soil, animals and plants, as well as in foods, industry and waste treatment. The unit focuses on the applications of microbiological concepts in these applied areas.

This unit aims to develop students with an understanding of the basic principles of animal physiology; the physiologic and homeostatic strategies and mechanisms employed by diverse animal groups particularly among the vertebrates in maintaining normal coordinated body functions under various physical conditions. Topics covered include the physiology of transport system, respiratory system, nutritional strategies, hormones and hormonal control, osmoregulation, neural processing, thermoregulation, reproduction and foetal development.

This unit introduces students to the study of botany so that they will develop a knowledge and understanding of plants. The unit covers the topics of plant anatomy, evolution, morphology and taxonomy, economically important plants and an introduction to Australian plants.

We live in a society where environmental and ecological problems dominate public discourse. Reference is often made to ecology; terms and ideas that came originally from ecology are used in public discussions, and appear in legislation. This unit will introduce students to ecology: what is studied in ecology, how it is studied, what are the strengths and weaknesses or limitations of ecology. The scope of current ecological thinking will be covered, from the scale of individual organisms, through populations, and up to communities and ecosystems. Methods of study will be highlighted; the practical component of the course will introduce the techniques of conducting basic ecological investigations.

The overall aim of this Problem Based Learning unit is to develop greater understanding of the molecular events coordinating the function of living cells within organisms. This Biochemistry unit also demonstrates the relevance of endocrine and metabolic factors that underpin a range of applied sciences, including medicine, food science, pharmaceuticals, nutrition, genetic engineering, health, hybridoma technology, enzyme technology, toxicology and the biological sciences in general.

This unit introduces students to the study of the mechanisms by which plants function and provides an understanding of these mechanisms. The unit covers the basic concepts of plant physiology, photosynthesis, respiration, photomorphogenesis, phytohormones, mineral nutrition, water relations and the regulation of plant growth and development. This unit is designed to provide a basic knowledge of the scientific principles that underpin horticulture.

This unit builds on the human anatomy and physiology studied in first and second year, equipping students with detailed knowledge of the pathological basis of disease. The study of pathology integrates many previously learned scientific principles (physical, chemical and biological) into the context of disease.

This unit introduces students to the mechanisms by which plants function. It will provide students with a detailed understanding of the processes and pathways involved in plant water, nutrient and energy acquisition and plant growth and development. It also introduces students to the interactions that occur between plants and their external environment including plant stress responses, plant defence strategies, plant - microbe interactions and plant responses to climate change, and how these interactions influence plant physiological processes and growth and development.

This unit introduces students to the field of biotechnology and provides a foundation for advanced biotechnology units. It will build on the basic sciences and provide an understanding of the basic principles involved in this field. It will introduce the multidisciplinary nature of biotechnology and provide an overview of biotechnology and the current status of the field.

The scientific study of heredity is called genetics. This unit is designed to introduce the student to a wide range of genetic concepts. To begin, the principles of heredity will be introduced. The student will investigate the nature and organisation of heredity; the various levels and mechanisms of expression of inheritance, the basis of variation within populations; and the genetic basis of biological evolution. Modern genetics underlies such diverse fields of study as biotechnology, agriculture, plant and animal breeding, biodiversity and ecosystem management, and accordingly the unit will include a series of case studies that demonstrate the importance and diversity of genetics as a discipline.

This unit will provide a sound knowledge of the genetic basis of disease and genetic problems of human development. Students will learn basic genetic principles as they study examples of genetic problems in human health and disease. Topics include Mendelian and multifactorial genetics, autosomal and X-chromosomal abnormalities, population genetics, oncocytogenetics, and the use of DNA technologies in gene mapping, disease diagnosis, screening and therapy. The focus will be on cytogenetics since molecular genetics will be covered in other units.

This unit will aim to develop within the student an understanding of, and an appreciation for, the fundamentals of analytical chemistry. The student will be exposed to the theory and practice of a range of chemical analyses with emphasis on ‘wet’ or ‘classical’ methods, and an introduction to some instrumental methods. An important component of this unit is to develop within the student laboratory skills in chemical analysis. Topics covered in this unit include: the evaluation of analytical data; sampling and sample preparation; unit operations in analytical chemistry; stoichiometry and equilibrium; gravimetric analysis; volumetric analysis; separation methods; spectroscopic methods of analysis; electrochemical methods of analysis; analysis of real samples.

Students studying at Campbelltown campus should refer to 300545 - Coordination Chemistry. This unit develops students' knowledge and comprehension of fundamental inorganic chemistry. A detailed introduction to co-ordination chemistry, discussing ligands, geometry, isomerism and oxidation states is provided, with particular emphasis on elements in the first transition series. Bonding in inorganic chemistry, solution chemistry, solid state chemistry, descriptive chemistry of representative main-group elements, and trends in the periodic table are also covered. Bioinorganic chemistry and some environmental aspects of inorganic chemistry are introduced. This unit also introduces students to many of the laboratory techniques and equipment that are used in this discipline.

Students studying atParramatta campus should refer to 300230 - Inorganic Chemistry 2. This unit introduces students to a thorough study of coordination chemistry (discussing complexes, ligands, structure, isomerism, stability, reaction mechanisms, oxidation states, elements in the first transition series, and trends in the periodic table). That foundation is then used to study applications of coordination chemistry in biological systems, in medicine and in areas such as radiopharmaceuticals. The unit then moves on to areas of fundamental inorganic chemistry, including bonding, solution chemistry, and solid state chemistry. This unit also introduces many of the laboratory techniques and equipment that are used in synthetic procedures in coordination chemistry.

Students studying at Campbelltown campus should refer to 300553 - Molecules of Life: Synthesis and Reactivity. This unit introduces how and why organic chemical reactions happen. The chemistry of the major chemical groups is discussed in terms of general reaction mechanisms. These ideas are drawn together in the examination of rationales involved in synthesising and identifying multifunctional organic molecules, and appropriate practical skills to achieve this are learnt in the associated practical work. Applications considered may include biological and medicinal organic chemistry and various aspects of industrial organic chemistry.

Students studying at Hawkesbury or Parramatta campus should refer to 300301 - Organic Chemistry 2. This unit introduces organic chemistry from a biological and pharmaceutical perspective, emphasising the structure & reactivity of biological molecules as organic molecules and functional group manipulation as a tool for drug design and synthesis. Appropriate practical skills to achieve this are learnt in the associated practical work.

Students studying at Campbelltown campus should refer to 300540 - Biomolecular Dynamics. This unit deals with some important principles, topics and techniques in physical chemistry, including the principles of energy flow and transformation in chemical systems (chemical thermodynamics), the rates and extent of chemical reactions (chemical equilibrium and kinetics), and applications of these principles to electrochemistry and a range of industrial and biological processes. The unit extends and expands on some of the topics studied previously in Chemistry 1 and 2, and aims to support and complement other units in chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology, physics and the biological sciences. It strengthens students' ability to study quantitative chemical problems, and further develop useful experimental and data-analysis skills.

Students studying at Parramatta campus should refer to 300236 - Physical Chemistry 2. The unit provides the understanding of the chemical principles as applied to biological molecules (biomolecules). Chemical and electrochemical energy transformations approaching equilibria and rates of biological processes are studied and further explored for useful experimental and data-analysis skills. Selected areas including enzyme kinetics or membrane equilibria will be studied.

This unit extends the student's knowledge and understanding of analytical instrumentation that is relevant to forensic investigations and analysis in the environmental and food sciences. It will provide an understanding of the chemical and physical principles underlying the utilisation of instrumentation in chemical analysis. Topics include principles of spectroscopic techniques separation methods; sample collection and storage; presumptive testing; an extended range of modern chemical instrumentation including gas and liquid chromatography; atomic spectroscopy; mass spectroscopy; x-ray methods and spectroscopic methods.

This unit covers the composition, structure and formation of selected examples from the silicate and non-silicate mineral groups. It deals with the structures of minerals and their determination, interpretation of structural data in the literature, aspects of solid solution, the forces which stabilize mineral lattices and the grouping of various minerals in terms of their chemical and structural characteristics. The chemistry of mineral formation at high and low temperatures will be examined. Analytical methods (X-rays, SEM and microprobe and classical) in the study of minerals and their properties are explored.

This unit covers selected topics taken from the following list: limits of chemical conditions in the natural environment (redox, pH, concentrations); mobilisation and transport of selected elements in primary and secondary environments – aqueous and supercritical fluids, gases; complexing and ion-pairing phenomena; metal ions buffers in geochemical cycles – adsorption, co-precipitation, mineral formation; dispersion of elements in the weathering environment.

This unit is designed for students undertaking studies in mathematics, statistics, operations research and mathematical finance. It provides further mathematical training in the areas of multivariable and vector calculus, which is essential to the understanding of many areas of both pure and applied mathematics.

The unit builds on the basic statistical concepts introduced in first year and also prepares students for broader application of statistics for students majoring in both science and business. In broad terms, the unit consists of some common Probability Distributions, Revision of Hypothesis Testing; Analysis of Categorical Data; Analysis of Variance Simple and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis and Correlation; Some Nonparametric Methods, Fundamentals of Time Series Analysis

Differential equations arise naturally, both in abstract mathematics and in the study of many phenomena. This unit provides the theory of ordinary differential equations and an introduction to partial differential equations, together with methods of solution. Examples are drawn from a wide range of biological, chemical, physical and economic applications.

This Level 2 unit completes an introduction to the basic principles and concepts of statistics. There are two strands to the subject: distribution theory and statistical inference. The aim of the unit is to present a solid foundation in statistical theory and to provide an understanding of the relevance and importance of the theory in solving practical problems in the real world. The theoretical basis of the dual arms of classical statistical inference (estimation and hypothesis testing) is discussed relating the probabilistic half of the course to the final objective - inference.

This unit introduces the ideas of systems and their mathematical modelling, with special reference to the allocation, inventory, scheduling, queuing and other processes taking place within social systems. It introduces modelling and heuristic problem solving techniques and goes on to introduce the standard techniques of linear programming, network analysis, critical path analysis, inventory control and simulation. Throughout, an emphasis is placed upon the mathematical development of algorithms and their computerisation.

This unit covers a substantial range of computational techniques in formulating and solving mathematical, scientific and engineering problems. Topics include: algorithmic approaches to solving nonlinear equations; systems of linear equations; differential equations; polynomial interpolation; numerical differentiation and integration; and curve fitting to approximate functions.

Objective of this unit is to present the main fundamentals of linear algebra and includes such topics as solving systems of linear equations, matrix algebra, determinants, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Euclidean vector spaces, general vector spaces, inner product spaces and linear transformations.

This unit covers a range of biochemical techniques and methodologies used for both analysis and purification of biological molecules. It includes advanced aspects of spectroscopy, centrifugation, radioisotopes; RNA isolation and detection, chromatographic principles and methods (gel filtration, ion exchange, affinity, hydrophobic interaction, chromatofocusing); electrophoresis principles and methods (SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing, pore gradient, two-dimensional, capillary); protein extraction and separation strategies. The methods and applications of proteomic research are included. The laboratory work parallels lecture material, and students gain hands-on experience in many of these techniques. The importance of quality control is emphasised and quality control programs are carried out concurrently with other laboratory work.

This unit in analytical microbiology aims to introduce students to analytical techniques for the detection, identification and enumeration of microorganisms in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and environmental materials.

This unit enables students to study the biology of Australian plants. The unit covers the topics of origins of the flora of Australia, Gondwanan plants, vegetation structures in Australia, ecology of Australian plants, physiology of Australian plants and the uses of Australian plants.

This unit aims to develop an understanding of the major animal production systems used for food and fibre in Australia (beef, dairy, pigs, poultry and sheep) and to apply this knowledge to improving problematic issues and understanding topical issues. Topics will focus on the applications of animal production principles to these production systems.

Temperate aquatic ecosystems, freshwater, estuarine and marine are some of the most threatened ecosystems. Lack of understanding and pressures from urbanisation have caused alteration of these habitats, sometimes without regard to the ecological and social consequences. This unit will emphasise that to understand human impacts in our environment involves the logic and philosophy of science. On completion of this unit students will have knowledge of the main animal and plants in aquatic ecosystems and the techniques in experimental design and analysis needed to investigate estuarine, freshwater and marine ecosystems. Throughout this unit, the results of scientific and experimental work on temperate aquatic ecosystems, which inform decision-making and conservation of these habitats will be emphasised.

This unit is an interdisciplinary unit encompassing modern and traditional aspects of the subject. Areas such as environmental, food, plant and molecular biotechnology will be studied. Special emphasis will be given to addressing biotechnological solutions to problems of economic, environmental and health significance. The unit also addresses aspects of commercialization and protection of intellectual property as well as bioethical and safety issues.

Students studying at Parramatta campus should refer to 300299 - Chemistry Project 3. This unit provides the student with an introduction to thinking as a research scientist whilst developing methodological and practical skills in a particular area of interest. The student undertakes a minor research project under directed supervision, during which they outline the problem and undertake a full literature review, perform appropriate experiments, and analyze and discuss the results in a formal report.

This unit introduces students to the application of physics and engineering principles to biology. Artificial and cellular membranes are studied in theory and in the laboratory, with emphasis on membrane pumps and channels. Laboratory classes include the study of membrane transport processes using radioisotopes. Students are trained in the principles and use of the electron microscope and magnetic imaging (MRI).

This unit will develop a sound understanding of the principles and practices of conservation biology in both an Australian and International context. Ethical and historical aspects of conservation biology will also be considered in addition to the science of conservation. Students will gain an understanding of the processes that have led to, and are leading to, species extinction. Methods and issues associated with conservation are considered; these include the principles of population genetics, population viability analysis, and the use of modelling. Other issues and concepts covered include the uses of wildlife, illegal wildlife trafficking and trade, biosecurity and the types of international, national and local laws and agreements that relate to conservation in general. The unit emphasises the importance of biodiversity and scientific research in conservation biology.

Cell signalling looks at the molecular mechanisms by which cells communicate and make responses to each other. Disorders of cell signalling have major impacts on human health and are involved in many metabolic disorders, brain function, the immune system, cancer and embryonic development. Knowledge of cell signalling pathways has important spin-offs for design of new drugs. This unit investigates the action of hormones, growth factors, cytokines and morphogens; their receptors and signalling pathways; and the cellular responses they trigger, such as altered metabolism, shape, differentiation, death. Students will expand their understanding of current developments by scientific reading and group discussion. Laboratory work will enable students to develop basic skills in cell culture techniques.

This unit builds on the basic ecology taught in Biology 2 and will provide students with a sound understanding of basic ecological principles and theories focussing on population and community ecology of terrestrial ecosystems. Starting with how populations grow and the structure of terrestrial ecological communities, the unit goes on to consider how communities change with time and as a result of natural disturbance, along with ways in which interactions between organisms influence the structure of natural populations and communities. Having established how populations and communities change naturally, the consequences of disturbance on ecosystems will be considered, with emphasis on effects at the community and population levels.

This unit focuses on microbial processes in the environment and illustrates how these processes may be employed in the control of pollution problems, pests and diseases, and in the recovery of minerals and fuel from the environment, including: microbial interactions in the environment; model ecosystems in the study of microbial environments; the role of biofilms in biofouling; micro-organisms in the removal of contaminants in the environment; microbial control of plant, pests and diseases; microbial systems in mineral and fuel recovery; strain construction in environmental biotechnology; ethics and the release of genetically engineered micro-organisms.

Fermentation forms an essential component of most biotechnological processes. From the standpoint of biotechnology, it is used to describe any process for the production of a product/service by the culture of microorganisms. This unit will cover the principles, applications, current status and new developments in fermentation science. It will provide an understanding of the different stages involved in a fermentation process, starting from the isolation of a desired organism through to the recovery of a product. The different modes of fermentation will also be dealt with. The applications will focus on commercial fermentations.

This unit provides an understanding of the principles and applications of biotechnology specifically related to the fields of foods and pharmaceuticals, and shows how the concepts in biotechnology are used in these fields. It also gives an overview of the current status of biotechnology in these areas.

The unit is directed towards the accreditation of a laboratory for chemical, microbiological or forensic testing. Throughout their undergraduate studies, students will have acquired and developed a wide range of practical skills. Competency in the laboratory, however, encompasses much more than the ability to demonstrate a range of manipulative skills. This unit focuses upon the importance and coordination of good laboratory management, teamwork, calibration, record keeping and laboratory manuals. Students are required to develop, establish and operate a Laboratory Quality Management system designed for a specific class of chemical or microbiological test. The quality system is then subjected to a mock accreditation following the guidelines laid down by the National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA). Students will staff the laboratory system under evaluation while academic staff and visitors act as the assessors.

The immune system relies on a complex interplay between cells, receptors and signalling molecules for its effective operation. Antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses will be examined from a molecular and biochemical perspective. Topics include B- and T-cell receptor gene expression, antibody structure, function, maturation; MHC genes and proteins; differentiation and activation of B and T cells; antigen processing and presentation; the roles of cytokines. The relevance of this knowledge for understanding disorders of the immune system will be emphasised throughout. Medical and diagnostic applications of hybridoma technology, antibody engineering and advances in vaccine development will be discussed. The laboratory course will develop technical and interpretative skills in relevant techniques.

This unit deals with the molecular mechanisms within cells that co-operate to create a system that feeds, moves, responds to stimuli, grows and divides. The unit will initially build on existing knowledge of the properties that are common to most eukaryotic cells and that are necessary to an understanding of how any individual cells live, reproduce and form mammalian tissue.

This unit aims to provide students with an understanding of the concepts of: self and non-self as it applies to the functioning of the immune system; the divisions of innate and specific immunity and their role(s) in determining the outcome of an immune assault; and the immune system in health and disease.

This unit focuses on the science that is critical to our understanding of the basic biology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic diseases. This unit prepares students for future innovations in prevention, management and cure of catastrophic diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, fatigue illnesses, rheumatic diseases, cancer and infectious and genetic diseases.

This unit has a modern approach to the study of the interaction between the human host, micro-organisms and parasites. Students will embark on a journey into the world of pathogenic micro-organisms exploring the molecular mechanisms by which these override host defences leading to disease. Topics include: Non-specific and specific defences (immune system) of the human body. Host-parasite interaction and pathogenesis of disease. Types of infection and epidemiology. Infectious diseases of the human body systems and associated aetiological agents. This will be supported with laboratory experience representing modern laboratory diagnostic procedures including molecular biology for the identification of infectious disease agents and how this information is applied to epidemiology.

This unit introduces theories and techniques of plant biotechnology that are applicable to crop production and improvement. It will furnish students with an understanding of the scientific principles used in the biotechnological approaches to manipulating plants and their genomes. Emphasis will be placed on providing sufficient information and technical expertise to allow graduates to enter commercial, industrial and research employment. The ethical and environmental impacts of genetic engineering and biotechnology are also emphasised.

300615 Science Research Project 1 may be taken in combination with 300645 Science Research Project 2 to allow suitably qualified students to complete a 20 credit-point research project during their final year of study. These units may be taken in the same semester, or in consecutive semesters. Students who wish to complete a 10 credit-point project will normally enrol in 300645 Science Research Project 2. Enrolment in 300615 requires approval by the Unit Co-ordinator of 300615. Science Research Project 1 is a final-year capstone unit that gives students an introduction to scientific research, while extending their knowledge and practical skills in a particular area of interest. Each student undertakes a small research project under the supervision of an academic staff member. Collaboration with an external organisation may occur in some projects. With the assistance of their supervisor, students will define the problem to be studied, carry out a risk assessment, develop the appropriate experimental methods, carry out research on their project, and present a final written report and a poster or oral presentation. This unit offers a challenge to final-year students, and allows innovation by the student with respect to both method and research direction. Students studying at Campbelltown campus should refer to 300542 Biomolecular Science Project.

300645 Science Research Project 2 is a final-year capstone unit that gives students an introduction to scientific research, while extending their knowledge and practical skills in a particular area of interest. Each student undertakes a small research project under the supervision of an academic staff member. Collaboration with an external organisation may occur in some projects. With the assistance of their supervisor, students will define the problem to be studied, carry out a risk assessment, develop the appropriate experimental methods, carry out research on their project, and present a final written report and a poster or oral presentation. This unit offers a challenge to final-year students, and allows innovation by the student with respect to both method and research direction. Students who wish to complete a 10 credit-point project will normally enrol in this unit. Subject to permission from the Unit Co-ordinator, students may undertake a 20 credit-point project by enrolling in both 300615 Research Project 1 and 300645 Research Project 2. These units may be taken in the same semester, or in consecutive semesters. Students studying at Campbelltown campus should refer to 300542 Biomolecular Science Project.

This unit will begin with an introduction to the evolutionary placement of the vertebrates and the relative age and importance of the different groups. The focus will then shift to an investigation of the comparative anatomy, function and behaviour from an evolutionary perspective. There will be a particular emphasis on environmental adaptations.

Students studying at Campbelltown campus should refer to 300549 - Human Molecular Biology. This unit studies gene regulation at an advanced level, leading into the processes and practical applications of DNA technology. Students gain a thorough grounding in major techniques such as restriction mapping, DNA sequencing, PCR, DNA fingerprinting, southern blotting and gene cloning. Cloning vectors, DNA libraries, genetic engineering in different types of cells and organisms and functional genomics are studied. Students are introduced to bioinformatics and issues in biosafety and ethics relating to gene technology.

Students studying at Hawkesbury or Parramatta campus should refer to 300234 - Molecular Biology. This unit concentrates on the Molecular Biology of eukaryotic cells (human) and studies gene regulation at an advanced level, leading into the processes and practical applications of DNA technology. Students gain a thorough grounding in major techniques involved in gene cloning, such as DNA manipulation using restriction enzymes, PCR, DNA fingerprinting. Cloning vectors, DNA libraries, genetic engineering in different types of eukaryotic cells and organisms and are studied. Students are introduced to functional genomics, bioinformatics and issues in biosafety and ethics relating to gene technology.

Students studying at Parramatta campus should refer to 300299 - Chemistry Project 3. This unit provides the student with an introduction to thinking as a research scientist whilst developing methodological and practical skills in a particular area of interest. The student undertakes a minor research project under directed supervision, during which they outline the problem and undertake a full literature review, perform appropriate experiments, and analyze and discuss the results in a formal report.

This unit covers three important applied aspects of modern inorganic chemistry: environmental inorganic chemistry; chemistry in mineral and metallurgical processing; and the characterisation of solid inorganic materials by state-of-the-art analytical techniques. The course material is presented via weekly lectures, one three-day field excursion at the school's field station at Burraga, and some essential integrated hands-on practical work with the relevant analytical instrumentation.

This unit builds upon an understanding of the fundamental physical processes involved in the interaction of electromagnetic radiation of various energies with matter, and develops into analysis of spectroscopic data for structure elucidation, as an analytical technique and for monitoring chemical and biochemical processes. The relevance of these processes and techniques to all other areas of science, particularly chemistry and biology, is emphasised. Spectroscopic methods include advanced NMR spectroscopy, ESR spectroscopy, electronic and visible spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Whilst some basic spectroscopy is taught in a number of other chemistry units, this subject goes to a substantially deeper level.

300645 Science Research Project 2 is a final-year capstone unit that gives students an introduction to scientific research, while extending their knowledge and practical skills in a particular area of interest. Each student undertakes a small research project under the supervision of an academic staff member. Collaboration with an external organisation may occur in some projects. With the assistance of their supervisor, students will define the problem to be studied, carry out a risk assessment, develop the appropriate experimental methods, carry out research on their project, and present a final written report and a poster or oral presentation. This unit offers a challenge to final-year students, and allows innovation by the student with respect to both method and research direction. Students who wish to complete a 10 credit-point project will normally enrol in this unit. Subject to permission from the Unit Co-ordinator, students may undertake a 20 credit-point project by enrolling in both 300615 Research Project 1 and 300645 Research Project 2. These units may be taken in the same semester, or in consecutive semesters. Students studying at Campbelltown campus should refer to 300542 Biomolecular Science Project.

300615 Science Research Project 1 may be taken in combination with 300645 Science Research Project 2 to allow suitably qualified students to complete a 20 credit-point research project during their final year of study. These units may be taken in the same semester, or in consecutive semesters. Students who wish to complete a 10 credit-point project will normally enrol in 300645 Science Research Project 2. Enrolment in 300615 requires approval by the Unit Co-ordinator of 300615. Science Research Project 1 is a final-year capstone unit that gives students an introduction to scientific research, while extending their knowledge and practical skills in a particular area of interest. Each student undertakes a small research project under the supervision of an academic staff member. Collaboration with an external organisation may occur in some projects. With the assistance of their supervisor, students will define the problem to be studied, carry out a risk assessment, develop the appropriate experimental methods, carry out research on their project, and present a final written report and a poster or oral presentation. This unit offers a challenge to final-year students, and allows innovation by the student with respect to both method and research direction. Students studying at Campbelltown campus should refer to 300542 Biomolecular Science Project.

Students studying at Hawkesbury or Parramatta campus should refer to 300298 - Analytical Chemistry 3. This unit provides the student with skills to carry out the more advanced wet chemical analysis and provides an understanding of the principles of instrumental analysis, covering the areas of spectroscopy, chromatography, electrochemistry, thermal methods and automated methods of analysis. The techniques of analytical method development, inorganic and organic residue analysis, herbal analysis and forensic toxicology analysis will be discussed. Aspects of quality control and quality assurance will also be included.

Students studying at Hawkesbury or Parramatta campus should refer to 300538 - Advanced Chemical Analysis. This unit equips the student with: an understanding of the principles of instrumental analysis; enhanced knowledge of contemporary analytical chemistry; wider experience of modern analytical instrumentation and its applications; improved skills in laboratory analysis using a range of instrumental techniques. Techniques covered include: separation methods, atomic spectroscopy, electrochemical methods, X-ray methods, principles of spectroscopic methods, electron microscopy and mass spectroscopy, gas and liquid chromatography, automated methods of analysis, analytical method development, quality control and quality assurance, pesticide residue analysis, toxicological (forensic) analysis.

Students studying at Hawkesbury or Parramatta campus should refer to 300231 - Inorganic Chemistry 3. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry is based on the foundations laid in the unit Coordination Chemistry. It covers structure and bonding in inorganic chemistry, higher coordination numbers, lanthanide and actinides, followed by the bioinorganic chemistry of zinc and iron in mammalian and microbial systems. Kinetics and mechanism of inorganic reactions are examined. The important area of organo-transition metal chemistry and catalysis is introduced. Students build on their familiarity with the literature of inorganic chemistry and are introduced to several advanced databases of chemical information. The laboratory sessions develop knowledge of advanced techniques such as anaerobic syntheses and instrumental techniques of characterisation such as NMR, IR and electronic spectra. This is also used to develop an appreciation of the role of computer-based molecular modelling in inorganic chemistry.

Students studying at Campbelltown campus should refer to 300538 - Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. This unit is built on the foundations laid in the unit 300230 - Inorganic Chemistry 2/300545 - Coordination Chemistry. Initially, this unit focuses on the nature of structure and bonding in inorganic chemistry. The spectroscopic and magnetic properties of inorganic compounds are evaluated as a consequence of the concepts of structure and bonding. Kinetics and mechanism of inorganic reactions are examined, and the important area of organo-transition metal chemistry is introduced. Laboratory sessions emphasise experimental design and planning by students, while introducing important techniques such as anaerobic synthesis. Students become familiar with inorganic chemistry literature and begin to appreciate recent work in this field. The laboratory component focuses on a variety of advanced techniques such as anaerobic syntheses and instrumental techniques of characterisation such as NMR, IR and electronic spectra. As well as requiring core studies, this unit recognises the diversity of inorganic chemistry by allowing students to specialise in certain advanced topics. Students select two out of five advanced topics: characterisation of inorganic compounds; selected descriptive inorganic chemistry; bioinorganic chemistry; aqueous chemistry of cations and metallic oxyanions; inorganic materials chemistry.

Students studying at Campbelltown campus should refer to 300546 - Drug Design and Synthesis. This unit introduces selected areas of more advanced organic chemistry, focusing on the tools used to synthesise and identify organic molecules. The practical skills required are learnt through laboratory exercises that complement the theory.

Students studying at Hawkesbury or Parramatta campus should refer to 300235 - Organic Chemistry 3. This unit introduces selected areas of more advanced organic chemistry, targeted largely on the tools to synthesise and identify organic molecules of biological and medicinal interest. The practical skills required are learnt through laboratory exercises which complement the theory.

This unit introduces selected areas of more advanced physical chemistry, which build on and extend the knowledge and understanding gained in Physical Chemistry 2. The practical skills required are learnt through laboratory exercises, which complement the theory.

This unit investigates the mechanisms and pathways of degradation of introduced compounds within the body and of their removal from the body; the relationship between chemical structure and stability of compounds within the body, including quantitative structure-stability relationships; the physical, metabolic and chemical stability within the body of representatives of each of the major types of drug class, relating this stability to molecular structure; the influence of the stability of drug compounds within the body upon the choice of drug delivery system used.

This unit covers composition of ocean, ground and surface waters and their interactions with the atmosphere, rocks, soils, sediments and man-made pollutants; transfer of dissolved material between environments and detection and control of toxic waste materials; environmental quality criteria, field assessment and sampling and modelling of selected environmental systems.

This unit develops algebraic thought to a high level. The abstract concepts involved in the main topics (group theory and number theory) have many applications in science and technology, and the unit includes an application to cryptography.

This unit provides the theoretical basis of real and complex numbers, including differentiation and integration. Topics include: field axioms and completeness, sequences, series, convergence, compactness, continuity, differentiability, integrability, and related theorems in both the real and complex number systems.

This unit presents data mining as a well structured standard process, namely, the Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CISP-DM). Further, this unit emphasizes (1) the presentation of data mining as a process, (2) the “White box” approach, emphasizing an understanding of the underlying algorithmic structures, (3) the graphical approach, emphasizing exploratory data analysis, and (4) the logical presentation, flowing naturally from the CRISP-DM standard process and the set of data mining tasks. This unit gives the insight of the data mining algorithms, by using small data sets and then provides examples of the application of the various algorithms on actual large data sets. Finally it provides the hands-on analysis problems, representing an opportunity to apply acquired data mining expertise to solving real problems using large data sets.

This unit concentrates on the solution of some mathematical problems that are suitable for interpretation in a deterministic manner. Selected real-world problems are approximated by mathematical models that are amenable to being written in terms of linear and non-linear equations and ordinary differential equations. In some instances analytic solutions are obtained, while in others computer programs provide numerical results. In either situation, there is emphasis on interpreting models, modifying them as required and using them for prediction.

The first section of the unit covers the idea of hedging and pricing by arbitrage in the discrete-time setting of binary trees. The key probabilistic concepts of conditional expectation, martingales, change of measure and representation are introduced in a simple framework. The second (and main) part of the unit concentrates on classical Black-Scholes analysis, assuming a lognormal random walk for asset prices. Ito's lemma and simple arbitrage arguments are used to derive the Black-Scholes partial differential equation for the fair value of an option. A variety of different kinds of options are considered and it is shown how, by suitably selecting boundary and final conditions for the Black-Scholes equation, virtually all derivative securities may be valued in a Black-Scholes framework. The unit concludes with a variety of 'exotic options': digital, pay-later, gap options and American options and the free boundary value problems. The link between the existence of equivalent martingale measures and the ability to price and hedge is formalised.

This unit presents the fundamental mathematical aspects of operations research and develops skills in quantitative approaches in decision making. Students will learn how the optimisation techniques work and how they can be applied by the decision maker in order to generate efficient solutions. The unit focuses on problem formulation and solution methods and covers linear programming primarily and integer programming and dynamic programming briefly.

This Level 3 unit investigates models for making optimal decisions under conditions of uncertainty and presents a number of relevant quantitative techniques. Topics covered include probabilistic and non probabilistic decision making criteria, decision trees, sensitivity analysis, using utility for decision making and risk analysis, inventory management, queuing analysis, and introduction to simulation.

This is an introduction to stochastic processes for students familiar with elementary probability. This unit presents the theory and application of time-dependent processes. In addition the unit applies some methods of probability and stochastic processes to real-world problems. Topics include: Markov chains, Poisson processes, continuous-time Markov chains, branching processes, birth and death processes, queuing systems, and stationary processes.

In this unit, students can deepen and/or apply knowledge gained during their course and practise oral and written presentation skills. Students will carry out a project under the supervision of an academic staff member. Assisted by their supervisor, students will define the problem to be studied and then acquire, develop and/or apply the appropriate theory or methodology. They will prepare a final report presenting theoretical results or methodology, an analysis and a discussion followed by an appropriate conclusion, and a literature review or a list of references as appropriate. Students will also give a talk on their project.

This unit covers a general introduction to simulation modelling, with a special focus on systems that change only at discrete points in time. It begins with Monte-Carlo methods for evaluating integrals, and moves into the simulation of simple queuing and inventory systems with the use of Pascal. It then introduces special simulation languages, with special reference to SEESIM. The purpose is to be able to set up and solve simple practical problems. In doing so we emphasise the need to analyse outputs statistically, and to offer advice on the basis of the analysis. Although requiring computer programming, the emphasis of the unit is mathematical and statistical. It deals with an introduction to random number generation by computers; it also deals with the computer generation of independent random variables with a common probability distribution.

This unit covers linear regression analysis and experimental design, with analysis of variance being the primary analytical tool. Topics in linear regression are: the statistical model, the method of least squares, sampling distributions of least squares estimators, statistical inferences and testing hypotheses, methods for model building, detecting violations of the regression assumption and remedies, logistic regression, and Poisson regression. Topics in designed experiments are: completely randomised experiment, factorial experiment, randomised block, Latin square, random model, and mixed model. For each design the following aspects are covered: the statistical model, the normal equations and their solutions, sums of squares and basic algebraic identity, the ANOVA table and relevant tests, and treatment comparisons.

In the first half of this unit students gain an appreciation of survey methodology, including questionnaire design, as well the application of sampling techniques. These include simple random sampling, stratification, supplementary information and cluster sampling. The second half of the unit covers the principal methods of multivariate data analysis, principal components, factor analysis, discriminant analysis, and cluster analysis.

This Level 3 unit presents the basic techniques of time series analysis with emphasis on model identification, parameter estimation and diagnostic checking. The use of time series models for the process of forecasting future behaviour is discussed. In addition, alternative forecasting approaches, in particular econometic methods, are introduced and some guidelines for choosing an appropriate forecasting method are outlined.

This unit aims to provide students with professional exposure to current state-of-the-art approaches to the science of Agronomy. It focuses on future trends in Agronomy in the contexts of current research, extension and commercial practice, with particular emphasis on the environmental and socio-economic sustainability of agronomic production systems. Students will gain valuable experiences in the applications of selected agronomic models/tools to farm and environmental decision making, as well as evaluating the usefulness of these models/tools as discussion support systems in the contexts of agriculture, horticulture, food and environmental risk and opportunity management.

Students studying at Parramatta campus should refer to 300299 - Chemistry Project 3. This unit provides the student with an introduction to thinking as a research scientist whilst developing methodological and practical skills in a particular area of interest. The student undertakes a minor research project under directed supervision, during which they outline the problem and undertake a full literature review, perform appropriate experiments, and analyze and discuss the results in a formal report.

This unit aims to develop an understanding of the major animal production systems used for food and fibre in Australia (beef, dairy, pigs, poultry and sheep) and to apply this knowledge to improving problematic issues and understanding topical issues. Topics will focus on the applications of animal production principles to these production systems.

This unit is an interdisciplinary unit encompassing modern and traditional aspects of the subject. Areas such as environmental, food, plant and molecular biotechnology will be studied. Special emphasis will be given to addressing biotechnological solutions to problems of economic, environmental and health significance. The unit also addresses aspects of commercialization and protection of intellectual property as well as bioethical and safety issues.

This unit provides an understanding of the principles and applications of biotechnology specifically related to the fields of foods and pharmaceuticals, and shows how the concepts in biotechnology are used in these fields. It also gives an overview of the current status of biotechnology in these areas.

This unit will develop a sound understanding of the principles and practices of conservation biology in both an Australian and International context. Ethical and historical aspects of conservation biology will also be considered in addition to the science of conservation. Students will gain an understanding of the processes that have led to, and are leading to, species extinction. Methods and issues associated with conservation are considered; these include the principles of population genetics, population viability analysis, and the use of modelling. Other issues and concepts covered include the uses of wildlife, illegal wildlife trafficking and trade, biosecurity and the types of international, national and local laws and agreements that relate to conservation in general. The unit emphasises the importance of biodiversity and scientific research in conservation biology.

The unit is directed towards the accreditation of a laboratory for chemical, microbiological or forensic testing. Throughout their undergraduate studies, students will have acquired and developed a wide range of practical skills. Competency in the laboratory, however, encompasses much more than the ability to demonstrate a range of manipulative skills. This unit focuses upon the importance and coordination of good laboratory management, teamwork, calibration, record keeping and laboratory manuals. Students are required to develop, establish and operate a Laboratory Quality Management system designed for a specific class of chemical or microbiological test. The quality system is then subjected to a mock accreditation following the guidelines laid down by the National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA). Students will staff the laboratory system under evaluation while academic staff and visitors act as the assessors.

This unit aims to allow students to work in a product development team as in industry. The entire process of product development includes: idea generation; collating market, technical and consumer information; consumer surveying to establishing need/desire for a new product; development processing, testing and evaluation, packaging; promotion and marketing. Students will develop a specialised knowledge of the total product development system with ability to design, conduct and analyse consumer surveys; develop product formulations and recipes with evaluation of sensory properties, nutritional composition and other functional attributes; design, organise and analyse sensory/acceptance/ performance during the development of the product.

This unit is designed to enable students to recognise both the significance of pests in agricultural and horticultural production and postharvest, and methods of reducing their damage to plants and plant products. Major areas of study include: pest losses in horticultural production and postharvest: types and level; major groups of organisms causing plant losses, viz. arthropods, pathogens and weeds; strategies for reducing pest damage (including legislative, physical, biological and chemical) - benefits and limitations; and field recognition of pests and damage assessment.

300615 Science Research Project 1 may be taken in combination with 300645 Science Research Project 2 to allow suitably qualified students to complete a 20 credit-point research project during their final year of study. These units may be taken in the same semester, or in consecutive semesters. Students who wish to complete a 10 credit-point project will normally enrol in 300645 Science Research Project 2. Enrolment in 300615 requires approval by the Unit Co-ordinator of 300615. Science Research Project 1 is a final-year capstone unit that gives students an introduction to scientific research, while extending their knowledge and practical skills in a particular area of interest. Each student undertakes a small research project under the supervision of an academic staff member. Collaboration with an external organisation may occur in some projects. With the assistance of their supervisor, students will define the problem to be studied, carry out a risk assessment, develop the appropriate experimental methods, carry out research on their project, and present a final written report and a poster or oral presentation. This unit offers a challenge to final-year students, and allows innovation by the student with respect to both method and research direction. Students studying at Campbelltown campus should refer to 300542 Biomolecular Science Project.

In this unit, students can deepen and/or apply knowledge gained during their course and practise oral and written presentation skills. Students will carry out a project under the supervision of an academic staff member. Assisted by their supervisor, students will define the problem to be studied and then acquire, develop and/or apply the appropriate theory or methodology. They will prepare a final report presenting theoretical results or methodology, an analysis and a discussion followed by an appropriate conclusion, and a literature review or a list of references as appropriate. Students will also give a talk on their project.

300645 Science Research Project 2 is a final-year capstone unit that gives students an introduction to scientific research, while extending their knowledge and practical skills in a particular area of interest. Each student undertakes a small research project under the supervision of an academic staff member. Collaboration with an external organisation may occur in some projects. With the assistance of their supervisor, students will define the problem to be studied, carry out a risk assessment, develop the appropriate experimental methods, carry out research on their project, and present a final written report and a poster or oral presentation. This unit offers a challenge to final-year students, and allows innovation by the student with respect to both method and research direction. Students who wish to complete a 10 credit-point project will normally enrol in this unit. Subject to permission from the Unit Co-ordinator, students may undertake a 20 credit-point project by enrolling in both 300615 Research Project 1 and 300645 Research Project 2. These units may be taken in the same semester, or in consecutive semesters. Students studying at Campbelltown campus should refer to 300542 Biomolecular Science Project.